What condition is characterized by joint contractures?

Arthrogryposis is a condition specifically defined by the presence of joint contractures, which are limitations in the range of motion in one or more joints. This condition is a result of abnormal development of joints and surrounding structures during fetal growth, leading to stiffness and contractures in the muscles and connective tissues. The contractures in arthrogryposis can involve multiple body parts and are typically present at birth.

In contrast, the other conditions listed primarily have different features. Osteoarthritis is characterized by the degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, leading to pain and stiffness but does not inherently involve the same type of contractures seen in arthrogryposis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that causes inflammation of the joints but generally presents more with swelling and pain rather than fixed contractures at birth. Multiple sclerosis, a neurological disease, affects muscle coordination and strength rather than specifically causing joint contractures.

Thus, arthrogryposis is distinctly linked to the presence of joint contractures, making it the correct response in this scenario.